Edgar Allan Poes Influence on Literature Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poes Influence on Literature Essay Edgar Allan Poe’s influence on American literature was nothing short of great; not only was he the creator of the detective story and the horror thriller, but he also influenced many great writers, among those William Faulkner and Fyodor Dostoevsky. While Poe is best known for his horror thrillers, being the creator of that particular genre, he has also fashioned two other literary genres, like the detective and the science fiction genre. Throughout his life, Poe read, reviewed, and critiqued many books for various magazines and papers. Poe did not hesitate to attack what he deemed inferior. â€Å"Is purely too imbecile to merit an extended critique,† he once wrote of a novel. Because of his readiness to attack what he believed to be unworthy, Poe helped set high standards for American literature (Meltzer 64). Poe had an influence on both American and non-American writers, like William Faulkner, and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Faulkner, who is considered to be the South’s most renowned novelist, will be forever linked to Poe. Both writers were fanatically obsessed with what made mankind good and what made it evil. Their writings also dealt with common elements, like narcissistic doubling, vengeance, and violence (Wyatt-Brown). In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, the incestuous relationship between two of the characters, Quentin and Caddy Compson, draws a parallel between Poe’s own incestuous relationship with his first cousin, Virginia (Wyatt-Brown). Fyodor Dostoevsky, a Russian novelist, was also greatly influenced by Poe. Dostoevsky’s novel, Crime and Punishment depicts a man who commits murder and becomes increasingly guilty throughout the novel because of it, until he is finally urged to confess by the woman he loves. The novel’s plot was prefigured in Poe’s A Tell Tale Heart, which portrays a man who commits a murder and is driven insane by the guilt as he hears the heart beating from underneath the floorboards, where he had stored the body. Dostoevsky once declared that Poe: â€Å"almost always takes the most exceptional reality and endows it with such details that the reader is convinced of its possibility, of its reality, when objectively the event or situation is impossible. † (Wyatt-Brown) Dostoevsky’s opinion on the matter relates exceptionally with Poe’s A Tell Tale Heart. One would not believe the story to hold even a semblance of reality, as Poe has infused the short story with the most absurd of details that make it so obviously impossible; however, while reading one becomes entirely immersed in the story that it does not seem so absurd anymore. According to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, writer of the famous detective series, Sherlock Holmes, Edgar Allan Poe is the father of the detective story (Meltzer 83). Doyle was of the opinion that Poe had covered the genre’s limits so completely, that he could not see how his followers could find any fresh ground of their own (83). Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s very own character, Sherlock Holmes, was inspired by C. Auguste Dupin, the detective of the stories who began the detective genre (Binns 114). Among many of Edgar Allan Poe’s writings is The Murders in the Rue Morgue, one of the Dupin stories. This story was the first ever detective story to be printed, which made it the archetype for the modern detective story (Meltzer 83). Although The Murders in the Rue Morgue was the first ever detective story to ever see print, Poe did incorporate new elements into other works that writers of detective fiction still make use of. For example, in The Purloined Letter and Thou Art the Man, Poe introduced post-mortem examinations, ballistic evidence, and the frame-up (104). Many believe Poe had begun the science fiction genre (Binns 114). His first attempt was Hans Pfall, a story in which a man travels to the moon on a revolutionized balloon. Poe included actual facts into his story, mixing it with entirely false scientific â€Å"facts† to make the story believable (Meltzer 64). Poe’s innovations would later expand the modern science fiction genre. His vivid imagination veered off from scientific facts to create believable details to incorporate into his stories. These details anticipated later discoveries in both geography and astronomy (64). Science fiction writers like H. G. Wells and Jules Verne learned a great deal from Poe, which they integrated into their own writings. The belief that Poe began the science fiction genre may also be attributed to Poe’s complicated piece of writing which explained his own view of the universe. Eureka: A Prose Poem was published in March of 1848, and in it, Poe introduced his theory, a mixture of science, theology, and intuition. Poe theorized that: â€Å"God existed before matter. God created the first atoms. They scattered to create the universe. They are all trying to join back together, but when they do, they will be scattered again. † Poe’s theory caused an upset in society, as it was not Christian; however, others believed it to be brilliant, as it showed both insight and clear thought (Binns 100). Poe’s influence has not limited itself on just literature. Alfred Hitchcock, director of classic suspense films like Vertigo and Psycho has stated that Poe was the reason he began directing films (Burlingame 100). And, as Hitchcock has become an influential being himself, with many other directors using elements from his films, Poe has indirectly influenced them as well. Aside from literature and films, Poe’s name and lyrics have been used among many musicians. Thirty Seconds to Mars uses a quote from The Raven: â€Å"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before. at the end of their video for Hurricane. The quote seems entirely fitting, as the video, which embraces some of Poe’s own elements, like vengeance and violence, is entirely surreal and evokes a sense of fear as they’re being pursued by masked men. However, they fight back, not letting the men take control of them, refusing to become martyrs. Like many of Poe’s writi ngs, the video seems ambiguous, open for many interpretations. Although Poe has long passed away, he still continues to influence today’s society. Writers will continue to use the elements he created in their stories. Film directors will continue to use his stylistic elements to portray a sense of Poe into their films. Musicians will continue to use Poe’s lyrics in their music, as well as use different aspects of his writings in their videos. Not only will Poe continue to influence them, but he will also continue to communicate with people through his works. People will continue to connect with Poe, just like previous generations have, through the themes of his writings, and through the understanding that Poe was just as misunderstood and criticized as the rest of us.

Oedipus is Deserving of his Suffering :: essays research papers

Question: Sir John Sheppard comments that Oedipus behaves normally, commits an error in ignorance and brings suffering upon himself. He declares that "Oedipus suffers not because of his guilt, but in spite of his goodness.† What is your opinion of this comment? I disagree with this statement. To a certain extend, I think Oedipus’s suffer is what he deserved. No one can be held fully responsible for actions committed under some kind of external constraint, and for the case of Oedipus, such constraint might be exerted by god. But it does not mean that Oedipus suffers not because of his guilt, but of his goodness, because Oedipus is responsible for those actions which are not performed under constraint. Oedipus has choices, but every time he chooses the wrong one even he knew that the one he chose will turn out to be bad. He still chooses this road to certain extend, is because of his arrogant pride. I think the events of the play are Oedipus fault. Oedipus makes important mistakes or errors in judgment that lead to this ending. His pride, blindness, and foolishness all play a part in the tragedy that befalls him. Oedipus's pride leads to the story's tragic ending. He is too proud to consider the words of the prophet Teiresias, choosing, instead to rely on his own investing powers. Teiresias warns him not to pry into these matters, but pride in his intelligence leads Oedipus to continue his search. Oedipus thinks he can change fate. He just tries to ignore it, because he counts on his own ability to root out the truth. Oedipus is a clever man, but he is blind to the truth and refuses to believe Teiresias's warnings. He suffers because of his hamartia. I t is this excessive pride fuels his own destruction. I would just say Oedipus is a tragic hero. Foolishly he leaves his home in Corinth without further investigating the oracle's words. à ¼ The vanity of Oedipus is latent when he travels, against warnings, to the oracle of Delphi. His inflated notions of his stature as ruler directly question the authority of the gods. He goes to the oracle then leaves without an answer. Finding out his true father is important because he has just been told he will kill his father. Oedipus is not intelligent about the way he conducts himself.

Disney World Essay

Looking out the window of the airplane as we landed in Orlando, Florida, I felt anticipation, excitement, and exhaustion. It was July 2003 and we were on a family vacation to Walt Disney World. The plane had departed from Philadelphia International Airport at 8 a.m. My parents slept soundly and my younger brother and sister were so excited because like me, it was their first trip to Disney World as well, that they couldn’t even sit still on the plane. Soon, we would all be experiencing the thrill of the Magic Kingdom. My siblings could barely contain their enthusiasm as we drove in our rented Ford minivan to the hotel. After freshening up at the hotel, all five of us climbed into the minivan and headed to Walt Disney World. After maneuvering through a maze of on ramps and off ramps, we were finally at the Magic Kingdom. By the time we were actually inside the theme park, it was lunch time so we decided to eat first before going on our adventures. We were told there were some very nice restaurants outside the Magic Kingdom, a boat ride away; but since my siblings and I were so eager to go on the rides, my parents decided to go with fast food within the theme park. The greatest disappointment of the day was the missing rides. Hannah’s favorite ride is Alice in Wonderland; she can and has ridden it ten times in a row at Disneyland. It doesn’t exist at the Magic Kingdom. Megan’s favorite Disneyland ride was also absent, Roger Rabbit’s Cartoon spin. After all the anticipation, to have the two rides which mattered most to the twins missing, was quite a let down. We couldn’t find Indiana Jones or Star Tours, either, so Bill asked an employee about the missing rides. It turns out, you can experience those â€Å"movie type† rides at Disney’s MGM studios, for a separate admission price. We were stunned. Bill and I found our mounting discontent compounded by the physical discomfort we felt standing in lines in 90-degree temperatures with 90% humidity. Disneyland with its California location has dry, comfortable weather most of the year. Disneyland is also blessed with a wonderful sea breeze during the hot summers. The Magic Kingdom is located inland with muggy, hot conditions year round. We felt the Magic Kingdom was a waste of time and money. Disneyland is far superior to the Magic Kingdom. I think it was insulting to the customers to charge more in admission than Disneyland and offer significantly less in the form of entertainment. I felt Disney management was greedy. The kids did enjoy themselves, but we adults left the theme park feeling â€Å"ripped off†. As a general rule we never take the kids to Disneyland more than once a year. But so much was missing from the Magic Kingdom Experience; we took them three months later to Disneyland and had a great time. On the first day in Disney World, my dad and I went on all of the Mountain rides like Splash Mountain, Thunder Mountain, and Space Mountain. My favorite was Space Mountain because the ride is inside, and there are no lights so you cannot see at all. I also won a stuffed dog at a game stand.

Close Critical Analysis of Coleridges Frost at Midnight

Frost at Midnight is generally regarded as the greatest of Samuel Taylor Coleridges Conversation Poems and is said to have influenced Wordsworths pivotal work, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. It is therefore apposite to analyse Frost at Midnight with a view to revealing how the key concerns of Romanticism were communicated through the poem. The Romantic period in English literature ran from around 1785, following the death of the eminent neo-classical writer Samuel Johnson, to the ascension of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837. However, in the years spanning this period writers were not identified as exponents of a recognised literary movement. It was only later that literary historians created and applied the†¦show more content†¦562-63, line 1). Later in the poem, he personifies a film of soot flapping on the grate of the fire: Methinks, its motion in the hush of nature Gives it dim sympathies with me who lives, Making it a companionable form (lines 17-19). Such instances are effective in illustrating the Romantic precept that the seemingly familiar or innocuous aspects of nature can still fill the viewer with awe Ââ€" an example of the ‘glorification of the normal as described by Abrams. Coleridge is informed by a distinctly Romantic sensibility, one which takes issue with Samuel Johnsons assertion that all wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance (Abrams, 2000, p. 11). Instead, Coleridges speaker meditates with wonder upon such an ordinary thing as soot. As he does so he transforms the film into a friend and liberates the focus of the poem from the immediate confines of the cottage to the more promising realm of memory and imagination. The speaker of Frost at Midnight displays a characteristic reverence for nature Ââ€" possibly the essential concern of Romanticism. In pious tones, he describes the far other scenes where his son will pass his boyhood By lakes and sandy shores, beneath the crags/ Of ancient mountain (lines 55-56). But it is not simply by the use of such grandiose language describing the topography of nature that nature is represented in the poem. By recalling his ownShow MoreRelated Close critical analysis of Coleridges Frost at Midnight Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages Frost at Midnight is generally regarded as the greatest of Samuel Taylor Coleridges Conversation Poems and is said to have influenced Wordsworths pivotal work, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. It is therefore apposite to analyse Frost at Midnight with a view to revealing how the key concerns of Romanticism were communicated through the poem. The Romantic period in English literature ran from around 1785, following the death of the eminent neo-classical writer Samuel JohnsonRead More Critical Analysis of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge2513 Words   |  11 PagesCritical Analysis of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge spearheaded a philosophical writing movement in England in the late 18th and early 19th century. Although Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge are often considered the fathers of the English Romantic movement, their collective theologies and philosophies were often criticized but rarely taken serious by the pair of writers due to their illustrious prestige as poets. The combined effortRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Samuel Taylor Coleridge3984 Words   |  16 PagesDan Paulos Mr. Kaplan English IV 10 November 2014 Literary Analysis of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an influential British philosopher, critic, and writer of the early eighteenth century. He was a prominent member of a literary group known as the â€Å"Lake Poets,† which included renowned writers like William Wordsworth and Robert Southey. His writings and philosophy greatly contributed to the formation and construction of modern thought. He possessed an extensive, creative imaginationRead MoreThe Concept of the Individual in Literature of the Romantic Period1762 Words   |  8 Pagesindividual in literature of the Romantic period influenced the genre, and in particular how this was a response to the rationalization of nature and neglect of the individual upheld by the Enlightenment Movement. In order to demonstrate this, a close analysis of some poetic works by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth and William Blake will be examined. The Romantic period placed great importance on creativity, imagination and the value of the self, Wordsworth and Coleridge were particularly

Marquis de Lafayette, French and American Revolutionary

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (September 6, 1757–May 20, 1834) was a French aristocrat who gained fame as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Arriving in North America in 1777, he quickly formed a bond with General George Washington and initially served as an aide to the American leader. Proving a skilled and dependable commander, Lafayette earned greater responsibility as the conflict progressed and played a key part in obtaining aid from France for the American cause. Fast Facts: Marquis de Lafayette Known For: French aristocrat who fought as an officer for the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and later, the French RevolutionBorn: September 6, 1757 in Chavaniac, FranceParents: Michel du Motier and Marie de La Rivià ¨reDied: May 20, 1834 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge du Plessis and the Versailles AcademySpouse: Marie Adrienne Franà §oise de Noailles (m. 1774)Children: Henriette du Motier, Anastasie Louise Pauline du Motier, Georges Washington Louis Gilbert du Motier, Marie Antoinette Virginie du Motier Returning home after the war, Lafayette served in a central role during the early years of the French Revolution and helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Falling from favor, he was jailed for five years before being released in 1797. With the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Lafayette began a long career as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Early Life Born September 6, 1757, at Chavaniac, France, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was the son of Michel du Motier and Marie de La Rivià ¨re. A long-established military family, an ancestor had served with Joan of Arc at the Siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years War. A colonel in the French Army, Michel fought in the Seven Years War and was killed by a cannonball at the Battle of Minden in August 1759. Raised by his mother and grandparents, the young marquis was sent to Paris for education at the Collà ¨ge du Plessis and the Versailles Academy. While in Paris, Lafayettes mother died. Gaining military training, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Musketeers of the Guard on April 9, 1771. Three years later, he married Marie Adrienne Franà §oise de Noailles on April 11, 1774. In the Army Through Adriennes dowry he received a promotion to captain in the Noailles Dragoons Regiment. After their marriage, the young couple lived near Versailles while Lafayette completed his schooling at the Acadà ©mie de Versailles. While training at Metz in 1775, Lafayette met the Comte de Broglie, commander of the Army of the East. Taking a liking to the young man, de Broglie invited him to join the Freemasons. Through his affiliation in this group, Lafayette learned of the tensions between Britain and its American colonies. By participating in the Freemasons and other thinking groups in Paris, Lafayette became an advocate for the rights of man and the abolition of slavery. As the conflict in the colonies evolved into open warfare, he came to believe that the ideals of the American cause closely reflected his own. Coming  to America In December 1776, with the American Revolution raging, Lafayette lobbied to go to America. Meeting with American agent Silas Deane, he accepted an offer to enter American service as a major general. Learning of this, his father-in-law, Jean de Noailles, had Lafayette assigned to Britain as he did not approve of Lafayettes American interests. During a brief posting in London, he was received by King George III and met several future antagonists, including Major General Sir Henry Clinton. Returning to France, he obtained aid from de Broglie and Johann de Kalb to advance his American ambitions. Learning of this,  de Noailles sought aid from King Louis XVI who issued a decree banning French officers from serving in America. Though forbidden by King Louis XVI to go, Lafayette purchased a ship, Victoire, and evaded efforts to detain him. Reaching Bordeaux, he boarded Victoire and put to sea on April 20, 1777. Landing near Georgetown, South Carolina, on June 13, Lafayette briefly stayed with Major Benjamin Huger before proceeding to Philadelphia. Arriving, Congress initially rebuffed him as they were tired of Deane sending French glory seekers. After offering to serve without pay, and aided by his Masonic connections, Lafayette received his commission but it was dated July 31, 1777, rather than the date of his agreement with Deane and he was not assigned a unit. For these reasons, he nearly returned home; however, Benjamin Franklin dispatched a letter to General George Washington asking the American commander to accept the young Frenchman as an aide-de-camp. The two first met on August 5, 1777, at a dinner in Philadelphia and immediately formed a lasting rapport.   First meeting of the Marquis de Lafayette and George Washington, 1777. Library of Congress Into the Fight Accepted onto Washingtons staff, Lafayette first saw action at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777. Outflanked by the British, Washington allowed Lafayette to join Major General John Sullivans men. While attempting to rally Brigadier General Thomas Conways Third Pennsylvania Brigade, Lafayette was wounded in the leg but did not seek treatment until an orderly retreat was organized. For his actions, Washington cited him for bravery and military ardour and recommended him for divisional command. Briefly leaving the army, Lafayette traveled to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to recuperate from his wound. Recovering, he assumed command of Major General Adam Stephens division after that general was relieved following the Battle of Germantown. With this force, Lafayette saw action in New Jersey while serving under Major General Nathanael Greene.  This included winning a victory at the Battle of Gloucester on November 25 which saw his troops defeat British forces under Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Rejoining the army at Valley Forge, Lafayette was asked by Major General Horatio Gates and the Board of War to proceed to Albany to organize an invasion of Canada. Before leaving, Lafayette alerted Washington about his suspicions regarding Conways efforts to have him removed from command of the army. Arriving at Albany, he found that there were too few men present for an invasion and after negotiating an alliance with the Oneidas he returned to Valley Forge. Rejoining Washingtons army, Lafayette was critical of the boards decision to attempt an invasion of Canada during the winter. In May 1778, Washington dispatched Lafayette with 2,200 men to ascertain British intentions outside Philadelphia. Further Campaigns Aware of Lafayettes presence, the British marched out of the city with 5,000 men in an effort to capture him. In the resulting Battle of Barren Hill, Lafayette was skillfully able to extract his command and rejoin Washington. The following month, he saw action at the Battle of Monmouth as Washington attempted to attack Clinton as he withdrew to New York. In July, Greene and Lafayette were dispatched to Rhode Island to aid Sullivan with his efforts to expel the British from the colony. The operation centered on cooperation with a French fleet led Admiral Comte de dEstaing. This was not forthcoming as dEstaing departed for Boston to repair his ships after they were damaged in a storm. This action angered the Americans as they felt that they had been abandoned by their ally. Racing to Boston, Lafayette worked to smooth things over after a riot resulting from dEstaings actions erupted. Concerned about the alliance, Lafayette asked for leave to return to France to ensure its continuance. Granted, he arrived in February 1779 and was briefly detained for his earlier disobedience to the king. Virginia Yorktown Working with Franklin, Lafayette lobbied for additional troops and supplies. Granted 6,000 men under General Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau, he returned to America in May 1781. Sent to Virginia by Washington, he conducted operations against the traitor Benedict Arnold and shadowed Cornwallis army as it moved north. Nearly trapped at the Battle of Green Spring in July, Lafayette monitored British activities until the arrival of Washingtons army in September. Taking part in the Siege of Yorktown, Lafayette was present at the British surrender. Return to France Sailing home to France in December 1781, Lafayette was received at Versailles and promoted to field marshal. After aiding in planning an aborted expedition to the West Indies, he worked with Thomas Jefferson to develop trade agreements. Returning to America in 1782, he toured the country and received several honors. Remaining active in American affairs, he routinely met with the new countrys representatives in France. French Revolution On December 29, 1786, King Louis XVI appointed Lafayette to the Assembly of Notables which was convened to address the nations worsening finances. Arguing for spending cuts, he was one who called for the convening of the Estates General. Elected to represent the nobility from Riom, he was present when the Estates General opened on May 5, 1789. Following the Oath of the Tennis Court and the creation of the National Assembly, Lafayette joined the new body and on July 11, 1789, he presented a draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Lieutenant General Marquis de Lafayette, 1791. Public Domain Appointed to lead the new National Guard on July 15, Lafayette worked to maintain order. Protecting the king during the March on Versailles in October, he diffused the situation—although the crowd demanded that Louis move to the Tuileries Palace in Paris. He was again called to the Tuileries on February 28, 1791, when several hundred armed aristocrats surrounded the palace in an effort to defend the king. Dubbed the Day of Daggers, Lafayettes men disarmed the group and arrested many of them. Later Life After a failed escape attempt by the king that summer, Lafayettes political capital began to erode. Accused of being a royalist, he sunk further after the Champ de Mars Massacre when National Guardsmen fired into a crowd. Returning home in 1792, he was soon appointed to lead one of the French armies during the War of the First Coalition. Working for peace, he sought to shut down the radical clubs in Paris. Branded a traitor, he attempted to flee to the Dutch Republic but was captured by the Austrians. Marquis de Lafayette, 1825. National Portrait Gallery Held in prison, he was finally released by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797. Largely retiring from public life, he accepted a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 1815. In 1824, he made one final tour of America and was hailed as a hero. Six years later, he declined the dictatorship of France during the July Revolution and Louis-Phillipe was crowned king. The first person granted honorary United States citizenship, Lafayette died on May 20, 1834, at the age of 76. Sources Unger, Harlow Giles. Lafayette. New York: Wiley, 2003.Levasseur, A. Lafayette in America in 1824 and 1825; or, Journal of a Voyage to the United States. Trans. Godman, John D. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea, 1829.Kramer, Lloyd S. Lafayette and the Historians: Changing Symbol, Changing Needs, 1834–1984. Historical Reflections / Rà ©flexions Historiques 11.3 (1984): 373–401. Print.Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolutions. Raleigh: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

A Disease of Concern for Females - Pelvic Inflammatory...

As females we are taught to maintain a healthy body by eating the right foods, exercising and scheduling regular checkups with the doctor. However, there are several diseases that affect the human female body. Pelvic inflammatory disease is one of many diseases that affect the female reproductive system, and it is a disease women should be concerned with. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infectious disease that invades the female reproductive organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Pelvic inflammatory disease also known as PID, is caused by infectious bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea and other bacteria. Bacteria that travel from the vagina to the cervix will cause inflammation, pain, damage and†¦show more content†¦Signs and symptoms of PID include pain in the lower abdomen and pelvic area, low back pain, painful intercourse, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, irregular menstrual bleeding, fever, fatigue, and vomiting (Martin, 1999). In addition, women who are experiencing severe signs and symptoms of PID should go to the emergency room for treatment. In order to diagnose pelvic inflammatory disease, a physician will take a history and physical exam, perform a pelvic exam, and obtain cervical cultures, order a complete blood count and urine test. However, your doctor may recommend other diagnostic tests, such as pelvic ultrasound to obtain images of the your reproductive organs, and check for inflammation, endometrial biopsy to examine a piece of uterine lining, and laparoscopy in which the physician inserts a thin, lighted instrument through the abdomen examine the pelvic organs for abscesses (Mayo Clinic staff, 2009). If a physician suspects the patient has PID, the patient will be treated with antibiotics, and pain medication. Also, it is recommended that the patient get bed rest and avoid sexual activity until the infection has cleared. In some cases, surgery may be required to drain abscess. However, for severe infections other procedures may be performed such as surgical removal of the injured ovaries, fallopian tubes or any scar tissueShow MoreRelatedTeaching Experience And Observations On Sexually Transmitted Diseases1451 Words   |  6 Pagessexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The presentation outlined transmission of STDs, prevention, testing, common symptoms and local resources. â€Å"There were more cases of sexually transmitted diseases reported in the United States last year than ever before, according to new federal data. Rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis — three of the most common S.T.D.s — grew for the second consecutive year, with sharper increases in the West than other regions. And while all three diseases are treatable withRead MoreThe Intrauterine Device ( Iud )1328 Words   |  6 Pagessulfate. They are still utilized allover the world except in the United States. Flexible stainless steel rings are utilized widely only in China and not elsewhere. The other unmedicated devices are condemned as they cause side effects such as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) , bleeding,pain, higher failure rate and expulsion rate. 2- Medicated IUDs: a- Copper IUDs: The first copper IUD was presented with 200 to 250mm2 of wire. The TCu-200 and the Multiload-250 are still available except in the United StatesRead MoreEssay On STI1087 Words   |  5 PagesSexually transmitted infections are infections spread through sexual contact, affecting one’s reproductive organs or causing broader infection within the body. These venereal diseases range in severity and areas of foci, having the ability to cause anything from mild irritation to fatalities in carriers and newborns. 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Legalizing abortion has made it okay for females to be sexually active without thinking about theRead MoreReproductive Health Knowledge And Unsafe Induced Abortion Among Female Adolescent1571 Words   |  7 PagesREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND UNSAFE INDUCED ABORTION AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENT {13-19} IN SOME COMMUNITIES IN OSHODI-LAGOS BY Eboh theresa TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Research Question 1.3 General aim of study 1.4 Objective of study 1.5 Justification of study 1.6 Study of study 1.7 Scope and limitation of study 1.8 Definition of terms CHAPTER TWO :LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKRead MoreReproductive Health Knowledge And Unsafe Induced Abortion Among Adolescents1563 Words   |  7 PagesREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND UNSAFE INDUCED ABORTION AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN BADAGRY, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA BY Eboh theresa TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE:BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Research Question 1.3 General aim of study 1.4 Objective of study 1.5 Justification of study 1.6 Study of study 1.7 Scope and limitation of study 1.8 Definition of terms CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORITICAL

Mini Mental State Examination

Question: Diswcuss about the Mini Mental State Examination. Answer: Introduction: Mental State Exam (MSE) is the systematic method utilised by mental health practitioners for the observation, examination, and record of the behaviour, thoughts and emotions of a patient suffering from a mental health condition (Townsend 2014). Thought form, or thought process, is the form of thinking that the patient suffering from a mental illness. It is used for characterising the ideas that the patient has. The rate and flow of thought are usually measured in this context. A MSE considers whether the thoughts of the patient are circumstantial, tangential, logical and associated. The thought form exhibited by the patient is considered in conjunction to a relation between disconnected thoughts and goal-directed thoughts. Thought content is the suitable description of what the patient thinks. It indicates the absence or presence of obsessional, suicidal, homicidal or delusional ideas. In case such thoughts are present, the specificity and intensity are to be measured (Videbeck 2013) . In the context of the present case study, it is necessary to interpret how Annabelles thoughts are disturbed for delivering optimal quality care services to the patient. Assessment needs to be done in order to highlight the ability of the patient to synthesize external stimuli. How Annabelles thoughts are disturbed can be interpreted by analysing whether she is able to interpret incoming information, whether she perceives that other individuals have an understanding of her thoughts, whether she demonstrates neologisms and whether she has the viewpoint that her thoughts are to be held responsible for the negative events. In the case of Annabelle, it is likely that she is suffering from delusion. Other defining characteristics include delusion of persecution, inappropriate reactions to a communication made by others, state of confusion, signs of anger and fear, an exhibition of distractibility, violet gestures, and interrupted sleep. Interpretation of how the thoughts are disturbed may be achieved through analysing Annabelle whether she shows ambivalence through the behaviours and statements. A perception in the context of mental state examination is the sensory experience, and the classifications of perceptual disturbances are illusions, hallucinations, and pseudo-hallucinations. An illusion is the false sensory perception when there is the presence of external stimuli. It can also be defined as the distortion brought about in the sensory experience. A hallucination is the sensory perception when there is no external stimulus present. The experience of the subject is real is this case, unlike an illusion. A pseudo-hallucination is when a subject has a fantasy, as experienced in subjective space. Other forms of abnormalities are derealisation, depersonalisation or distortion in the sense of time-frame (Kneisl and Trigoboff 2012). In the present case study, Annabelle is suffering from one of the forms of perceptual disturbances. Annabelle is found to be unaware of the circumstances she is going through and does not appropriately reciprocates to it. Perceptual disturbances are difficult to highlight as patients do not agree to the fact that they are suffering from some form of disturbances. There are some clinical implications of interpreting how the patient has disturbances in the senses. It is desirable to gather important information about the patient regarding the experiences she had. A comprehensive assessment instrument would be helpful in gaining new insights regrading the anxieties and fears she has been suffering from. The patient needs to be allowed to talk about the experiences she had in the past for relating her behaviour with what she has gone through. Considering the phenomenological diversity of perceptual disturbances would also help in revealing significant information regarding the changes noticed in the condition of the patient. The variations found in the phenomenology adequately reflect the changes in the emotional state of the patient (Mitchell 2013). Mood can be defined as the individuals internal state at any instance of time. It is a more prolonged state. Affect is defined as the external dynamic manifestation of the internal emotions of an individual. It has also been referred to as differentiated feelings. In the field of psychology, it is beneficial to conceptualise the existing relationship between mood and emotional affect. Affect is the immediate expressions due to an emotion whereas mood is the emotional experience that prevails for a longer period of time (Paniagua and Yamada 2013). The range of affect includes blunted, expansive, flat and restricted. The intensity of the affect can be normal, exaggerated, blunted, heightened or flat. A patient may be demonstrating the full range of affect at the time of assessment or a restricted affect (Huline-Dickens 2013). Annabelles mood can be described as being irritability. Irritability is described as the mood in which an individual is easily provoked to anger and is annoyed at slightest pretexts. Such mood is considered to be a feature of maniac episodes. The irritable mood is exhibited by Annabelle as she shows sudden outbursts of anger and irritation. The range of affect in the case of Annabelle is flat whereas the intensity of her affect is heightened. The flat range is marked by a significant decrease emotional expressiveness. Annabelle spoke in a monotonous voice and had less facial expression. She also appeared apathetic. This form of affect is a negative symptom of mental health disorder. The patient, in this case, lacked a normal range of behaviours and feelings. The intensity of the affect for Annabelle can be described as heightened since she is strikingly sentimental and melodramatic. She has the tendency to create tantrums over situations and act as per her desire. At home, started screaming all of a sudden and the stopped suddenly too. She had shouted and slumped to the floor and then sobbed at the healthcare setting. Appearance is the physical aspects that include height, weight, age, manner of grooming and dressing. Colourful and bizarre clothing indicate mania, whereas unkempt and dirty clothes, suggest depression or schizophrenia (Taylor 2013). In the present case study, Annabelle has dirty clothes and is barefoot. She has multiple piercings in her lip, eyebrow, and nose. Her hair is coloured ink and blue and is matted and unkempt. Wight loss signifies physical illness, depressive disorder or chronic anxiety (Baker 2004). Annabelle is found to have lost weight as she does skips meals and does not eat for days. The reason for such poor nutrition can be depression. Poor personal hygiene is a result of self-neglect. Her arms are covered with sores whose reason is unknown. She may have undergone some form of pain that she has not disclosed. Abnormalities in behaviour include particular abnormal movements as related to the individuals activity level. Stereotypes refer to the purposeless movements l ike head banging or hand movement (Forbes and Watt 2015). In the present case study, Annabelle is found to be pacing and wringing her hands, that is inappropriate. Hand wringing is a psychomotor activity. The increase in movement and arousal indicate mania. An inability to stay at a place, preferably sit at a place can be considered as a side effect that antipsychotic drug has. Lack of eye contact denotes depression, like Annabelle, who did not have eye contact at the time of assessment. The reaction of the client at the time of the mental state examination is also noteworthy. In the present case, the patient is found to be co-operative and smiles. Her general behaviour is safe from the perspective of a health care professional. However, she is disturbed and withdrawn subsequently. References Barker, P.J., 2004.Assessment in psychiatric and mental health nursing: in search of the whole person. Nelson Thornes. Forbes, H. and Watt, E., 2015.Jarvis's Physical Examination and Health Assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences. Huline-Dickens, S., 2013. The mental state examination.Advances in psychiatric treatment,19(2), pp.97-98. Kneisl, C.R. and Trigoboff, E., 2012.Contemporary psychiatric-mental health nursing. Pearson Higher Ed. Mitchell, A.J., 2013. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): an update on its diagnostic validity for cognitive disorders. InCognitive Screening Instruments(pp. 15-46). Springer London. Paniagua, F.A. and Yamada, A.M. eds., 2013.Handbook of multicultural mental health: Assessment and treatment of diverse populations. Academic Press. Taylor, M.A., 2013.The neuropsychiatric mental status examination. Elsevier. Townsend, M.C., 2014.Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis. Videbeck, S., 2013.Psychiatric-mental health nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.